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M. Surendran ¹, G. S. Kannan ², Kamala Nayar ³, S. Leenakumary ¹

Affiliations
1 Rice Research Station, Moncompu 688 503, Thekkekara P.O., Alleppey District, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani 695 522, Trivandrum, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Pseudomonas fluorescens cultures were isolated from rhizosphere of rice cultivated in different locations of Kuttanad. Three effective strains viz., PF 43, PF 46, PF 47 and combined isolates PF 43+PF 46+PF 47 were tested in the farmers plot of nine different locations of Kuttanad against rice sheath blight disease during Rabi 2011-12. The data on disease incidence and severity indicated that the combined isolate was performed well in restricting the disease incidence and severity. The pooled data showed that combined strains of PF 43+46+47 was found most effective against sheath blight disease and thereby increased the grain yield than other single isolates as well as standard fungicide check.

Keywords

Rice, Rhizoctonia solani, Sheath Blight, Fluorescent Pseudomonads.

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M. Surendran ¹, G. S. Kannan ², Kamala Nayar ³, S. Leenakumary ¹

Affiliations
1 Rice Research Station, Moncompu 688 503, Thekkekara P.O., Alleppey District, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani 695 522, Kerala, IN

Abstract

The compatibility of Pseudomonas fluorescens with 15 fungicides, 9 insecticides and 10 weedicides was tested under laboratory condition. All insecticides, herbicides and 12 fungicides except saaf, kocide (copper hydroxide) and zineb were found to be compatible with P. fluorescens. The study indicated that most of the fungicides, insecticides and weedicides can be mixed with P. fluorescens for use in agriculture.

Keywords

Pseudomonas fluorescens, Insecticides, Weedicides, Fungicides and Compatibility.

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M. Surendran ¹, G. S. Kannan ², Kamala Nayar ³, S. Leenakumary ¹

Affiliations
1 Rice Research Station, Moncompu 688 503, Thekkekara P.o., Alleppey District, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani 695 522, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Pure cultures of bacterial antagonist, Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from different locations in Kuttanad for screening against rice sheath blight disease. Three effective strains, viz., PF43, PF46 and PF47 were tested individually and also in combination against sheath blight under field conditions. Combined application of PF43, PF46 and PF47 was found to be effective for sheath blight disease management during rabi 2009-10, kharif 2010 and rabi 2010-11.

Keywords

Rice, Sheath Blight, Fluorescent Pseudomonads, Biocontrol Agent.

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M. Surendran ¹, G. S. Kannan ², Kamala Nayar ³, S. Leenakumary ¹

Affiliations
1 Rice Research Station, Moncompu-688 503, Thekkekara P.O., Alleppey District, Kerala, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul,Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani-695 522, Trivandrum, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Bacterial antagonist fluorescent pseudomonads for sheath blight disease were isolated from different locations in Kuttanad region. Three effective strains viz., PF 43, PF 46 and PF 47 were tested along with standard culture P 1 against sheath blight disease of rice under glass house condition. The confirmation tests viz., physiological and biochemical characterization of the efficient isolates were carried out at Rice Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Moncompu. Various physiological tests on growth at different pH, Iron toxicity and Aluminium toxicity level showed that the isolate PF 43 grew at pH ranging from 1.0 to 14 and tolerated upto 1000 ppm of iron toxicity and 90 ppm of aluminium toxicity level. The biochemical tests indicated that three efficient isolates were confirmed as gram negative, rod shaped, fluorescent in King's B medium and positive response for growth at 4°C, Levan formation, Gelatin liquefaction and Catalase tests. However, there was a negative response for growth at 41°C, Methyl red, VogesProskaur and Indole tests. Thus, based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolated strains were identified to be Pseudomonas fluorescens. P. fluorescens PF 43 product survived upto 150 days with required population of 1.01 to 1.63 × 10⁸ cfu per g in talc, dolomite and gypsum based formulations. At 240 days of storage, 1 × 10⁷cfu were detected in talc, dolomite and gypsum based formulations. The cheap and easily available carrier material, gypsum and dolomite can be used for mass production of native P. fluorescens and is recommended to 66,000 ha rice growing tracts of Lower, Upper and Karilands of Kuttanad regions like Alleppey, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta District for ecofriendly management of diseases.

Keywords

Dolomite, Gypsum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rice, Sheath Blight.

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T. N. Gopinandhan ¹, G. S. Kannan ², R. Natesan ³

Affiliations
1 Analytical Laboratory, Coffee Board, Bangalore- 560 001, Karnataka, IN
2 Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Ambika College of Arts and Science, Anna Nagar, Madurai - 625 020, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) Is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin that oiso possesses carcinogenic, teratogenic, genotoxic and immuno suppressive potential'. The international agency for research on cancer has classified OTA as a possible human carcinogen. The European Commission has prescribed maximum residue limits (MRLs) for OTA in cereals, dried vine fruits, wine, infant foods and coffee. A maximum OTA limit of 5 and 1 Oppb have been prescribed for roasted and instant coffee resepctlvely.

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R. Srinivasan ¹, G. S. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Gandhigram Rural Institute–Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, IN

Abstract

The in vitro experiment revealed that the fungicide pyraclostrobin 20% WDG at 0.1%, 0.15% concentrations and carboxin + thiram 75% WS (Vitavax) at 0.2% conc. completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger and accounted for 100% inhibition of the pathogen followed by carbendazim @ 0.1% ( 98.42% ), mancozeb @ 0.2% (94.51% ) and pyraclostrobin 20% WDG at 0.5% (98.46% ). Pseudomonas fluorescens recorded the higher inhibition of the pathogen as compared to Trichoderma harzianum. The present study clearly revealed that the fungicide pyraclostrobin 20% WDG at 0.1% and 0.15% completely inhibited the pathogen A. niger.

Keywords

Pyraclostrobin, Aspergillus niger, Groundnut, Collar Rot, Screening.

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T. R. Manjula ¹, G. S. Kannan ², P. Sivasubramanian ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi (T.N.), IN
2 The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul (T.N.), IN
3 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens against leafhopper of Bt cotton and non Bt cotton in two location of Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Pollachi and South Indian Millers Association, Udumelpet. Seven treatments i.e. foliar application of P. fluorescens @1%, soil application of P. fluorescens 2.5 kg/ha, soil and foliar application of P. fluorescens @1%, foliar application of P. fluorescens @1% and Beauveria basianna @ 1%, foliar application of Beauveria basianna @ 1%, imidacloprid 200 SL @ 200ml/ha and Untreated check were evaluated. Among the bio inoculants treatment the maximum per cent reduction in leafhopper population with a mean of 71.00; 83.45; 85.01 and 63.28; 82.32; 91.58 at 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd spray after application in both the locations respectively in Bt cotton during 2013-14. The similar trend was also observed in non Bt cotton. During 2014-15, the maximum per cent reduction in leafhopper population recorded among the bio inoculants treatment, the soil and foliar application of P. fluorescens @1% in two locations and both bt and non Bt cotton. The highest mean seed cotton yield was obtained in soil and foliar application of P. fluorescens @1% in two locations, and both years of 2013-14 and 2014-15.

Keywords

Bioefficacy, Biopesticides, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bt Cotton, Non Bt Cotton, Leafhopper.

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T. R. Manjula ¹, G. S. Kannan ², P. Sivasubramanian ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi (T.N.), IN
2 The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul (T.N.), IN
3 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN

Abstract

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a key pest of cotton, irrespective of the use of conventional or organic management. In organic systems, however, the use of synthetic insecticides is not allowed, increasing the difficulty of controlling this pest. This work evaluated aphid control and the ability of products to prevent aphid infestation using entomopathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens compared to a standard synthetic insecticide. The trial was conducted with entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and untreated plants served as the control group. The trial testing the efficacy of P. fluorescens in preventing aphid infestation was conducted using the same products. The evaluations were conducted pre and post-treatment of three round of application for the efficacy and the protection against colonization trials, respectively. The lowest aphid populations recorded by the bio inoculant treatment of the soil and foliar application of P. fluorescens @1%. Regarding the plant protection against aphid colonization, the insecticide imidacloprid exhibited a better performance compared to the other tested products with steady results over the evaluation period. The other treatments exhibited variable results with protection against aphid colonization throughout the evaluation period.

Keywords

Cotton Aphid, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Alternative Control, Bt Cotton, Non Bt Cotton.

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S. Onkara Naik ¹, G. S. Kannan ², A. K. Chakravarthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, IN
2 School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute- Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The impact of eight IPM modules on whitefly Bemisia tabaci and its natural enemies were recorded during kharif 2016 and 2017, rabi-summer 2016-17 and 2017-18. There was a significant difference among the modules in the number of natural enemies per plant. In general, it was found that during rabi-summer the population of B. tabaci was higher than the kharif season on bitter gourd. When modules were compared for the population of B. tabaci, module 1 to 4 (sowing maize as a barrier crop, removal of infested leaves and residues from the appearance of pests, erection of solar light trap with yellow pan @ 5 traps/ha for trapping, tying yellow sticky trap to attract whiteflies, spraying neem oil @ 1% and pongam oil @1%) and module 6 (spraying of Metarhizium anisopliae (2 x 10⁹), Beauveria bassiana (2 x 10⁸), Neem oil 1% and Pongam oil 1%) which do not include frequent insecticidal applications recorded higher number of coccinellids, syrphids, hymenopterans and spiders than the IPM modules where frequent applications of chemical insecticides were included as a treatment.

Keywords

IPM Modules, Natural Enemies, Whiteflies.

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